Determination of total polyphenols and catechins in betel nut polyphenol extract / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a method for the determination of total polyphenols and catechins in betel nut polyphenols extract, and provide reference for the quality control of betel nut polyphenols extract. Methods The content of total phenol in betel nut extract was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The content of catechins was determined by HPLC. Results The linear range of total polyphenols in betel nuts extract was 9.8~58.8 μg/ml. The three components of catechin, epicatechin and protocatechuic acid were completely separated by HPLC, and the linear relationship was good in their respective ranges, with the recoveries between 99.17% and 101.67%, the RSD between 1.2% and 2.5%. Conclusion The established method is simple, stable and reliable, which could be used for the quantitative analysis of betel polyphenol extract, and provide experimental basis for the quality control of betel polyphenol extract.

The research progress of transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as a neuromodulation technique, has being applied in the field of cognitive intervention for MCI, but its effect is controversial because of many factors. In order to promote the application of tDCS in intervention for MCI, this study performed a systematic review of the previous studies that used tDCS to improve cognitive functions of MCI individuals. The results indicate that tDCS could improve episodic memory, working memory, and language of individuals with MCI, while there is a lack of strong evidence that supports a positive effect of tDCS on attention of individuals with MCI. The placement of electrodes, time course of treatment, and current intensity all affected the intervention effect of tDCS. Future studies should take brain networks underlying cognitive processes and personalized factors such as age and education level into consideration to design better stimulation protocols, and they should be conducted in combination with neuroimaging technologies to evaluate the intervention effect of tDCS more accurately and objectively and to discover the neural mechanisms of tDCS intervention.

Cognitive intervention for mild cognitive impairment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Compared with age-matched controls,mild cognitive impairment (MCI) populations are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD).There is no consensus that any pharmacological treatment can improve MCI,thus it is plausible to turn attention to cognitive interventions.This paper reviewed the prior researches on cognitive stimulation,cognitive training,and cognitive rehabilitation for MCI based on the categories defined by Clare and Woods in order to clarify the effect of these interventions on improving cognitive function in MCI individuals.The results indicate that cognitive interventions may improve multiple cognitive domains including memory performance,executive functions,processing speed,attention,and social functions in adults with MCI,while the mechanism remains unclear.It suggested that further studies should examine the mechanism of cognitive intervention by applying neuroscience technology and strengthening the control of heterogeneity of the etiologies and symptoms of MCI,and improve the clinical effect by combining cognitive stimulation,cognitive training,and cognitive rehabilitation.

Laparoscopy assisted with transanal endoscopic microsurgery in the treatment of severe functional constipation / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure combined with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) in the treatment of severe functional constipation(SFC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 10 patients with SFC treated by laparoscopic surgery combined with TEM between May 2010 and October 2012 in Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. The gastrointestinal quality of life index(GIQLI), Wexner constipation scale and daily frequency of defecation postoperatively during follow-up were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 10 operations were successfully accomplished laparoscopic subtotal colectomy combined with TEM without abdominal incision. There was no conversion to open procedure. One case had preventive terminal ileum stoma. The mean operative time was (256 ± 58) min. The mean blood loss was (178 ± 67) ml. The mean time to first flatus was (40 ± 11) h. There were no ureteric injury, anastomotic leak, pelvic sepsis and other complications postoperatively. There was one case of insufficient small bowel obstruction which was released by conservative treatments. The patients were discharged from the hospital in (9.0 ± 1.5) d postoperatively. The GIQLI in one year postoperatively was (112 ± 10) points, which indicated good results compared to (75 ± 12) points preoperatively (P=0.000). The Wexner constipation scale was 20.8 ± 2.2 preoperatively and decreased to 5.2 ± 1.8 at one year follow-up(P=0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure combined with TEM provides SFC patients a safe and feasible minimally invasive surgery.</p>

Long-term results of intersphincteric resection for ultra-low rectal cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic results of intersphincteric resection (ISR) in the treatment of ultra-low rectal cancer.Methods Sixty cases of ultra-low rectal cancer with the inferior border of the tumor within 5 cm to the edge of anus underwent intersphincteric resection (ISR),and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.There were 39 males,21 females and their average age was 55 years old (range from 30 to 77 years old).The inferior border of the tumor were from 28 to 50 mm to the edge of anus,averaging 42 mm.Results Sixty patients underwent intersphincteric resection successfully with 3 cases developing anastomotic leakage and 2 cases anastomotic stenosis postoperatively.After a median follow-up period of 49 months (range from 18 to 90 months),local and distant recurrence were observed in 6 and 4 patients respectively.Five-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were 88.3％ and 83.3％ respectively.The mean stool frequency were (3.8 ± 1.3) times in each day based on data from 53 patients,and the stool control function of 73.6％ of all patients was preserved satisfactorily according to Kirwan classification.Conclusions This study indicated that intersphincteric resection might be a candidate technique in the treatment of early stage ultra-low rectal cancer restricted within rectal wall and could achieve satisfactory long-term results in both oncologic and functional respects.

CFTR gene mutation in patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the frequency of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)mutations in patients with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens(CBAVD).Methods Eighty-five CBAVD patients were collected from May 2007 to May 2009.The diagnosis of CBAVD included azoospermia,normal of 4 sex hormone items,absence of seminal vesicle,normal volume of testicular and epididymis dilated siltation.And 85 normal fertile men served as controls.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood.The mutations of CFTR exons 10,11 were detected by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism,and direct sequencing was performed on 85 cases of CBAVD and the control males.Results Of the 85 CBAVD,10 cases(11.8％)exhibited an abnormal CFTR gene mutation,with 4 cases I556V,2 cases M469V,and 1 case of E527N,A F508,L558S,S485C.No mutations were detected in 85 controls.There was a significant difference between the 2 groups(x2 =8.606,P =0.003).Conclusions CBAVD might be caused by the CFTR mutations.The frequencies and the spectrum of CFTR mutations might be different from those Caucasian population in the west country.

Anatomical basis for pelvic autonomic nerve preservation in total mesorectal excision of adult male / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To study the pelvic fascia related to pelvic autonomic nerve and detect the anatomical localization of pelvic autonomic nerve by marker in adult male.Methods Twelve pelvises of adult male harvested from cadavers were studied by dissection.Results Hypogastric nerve was embedded in the posterior leaf of the visceral pelvic fascia.Pelvic plexus was situated between vesicohypogastric fascia and visceral fascia.Pelvic nerve branch of seminal vesicle and prostate was located at the anterolateral part of Denonvilliers fascia.Sacral promontory,ureter,junction of Denonvilliers fascia,visceral fascia and seminal vesicle could be regarded as anatomical markers for pelvic autonomic nerve.Conclusion The anatomical characteristics of pelvic autonomic nerve can be used for protecting and isolating pelvic autonomic nerve in total mesorectal excision of adult male.

Study of anal function after ileal pouch anal anastomosis with modified double-stapled mucosectomy / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To evaluate the long-term functional outcome after ileal pouch anal anastomosis with modified double-stapled technique.Methods From January 2002 to March 2011,forty-five patients underwent ileal pouch anal anastomosis with modified double-stapled technique.The clinical data of these patients were reviewed.The postoperative anal function was assessed by Kirwan classification and Oresland pouch-specific function score.Results During the median follow-up of 65 months,2 patients with malignant adenomatous polyps died,2 patients were diagnosed dysplasia by biopsy,4 patients developed mild to moderate anastomotic narrowing,1 patient developed persistent anastomotic stricture needing surgical intervention,16 patients developed at least 1 episode of pouchitis.There was no incontinence in these patients,and the median functional Oresland score was 6,3 and 2 after 1 year,2.5 years and 5 years respectively.Conclusion The functional results of ileal pouch anal anastomosis with modified double-stapled technique are promising,with no incontinence in our patients.

Evaluation of therapeutic effects and surgical treatments of 45 cases of inflammatory bowel disease / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To elucidate the evaluation of therapeutic effects and surgical treatments of 45 cases of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods Clinical data of 45 cases with inflammatory bowel disease by surgical treatment in recent 6 years were retrospectively analyzed. Results Patients received emergency operation in 16 cases, Crohn' s disease in 9 cases, Ulcerative Colitis( UC) in 7 cases. Among 13 cases of Crohn' s disease, partial enterectomy occured in 6 cases, partial enterectomy and colectomy and anastomosis in 1 patient because of internal fistula, repair of ileal perforation in 1 case, laparoscopic ileocolic resection in 5 cases. Among 32 cases of UC, 25 cases underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis operation, 3 cases underwent ileostomy with total colectomy, and 4 cases only underwent ileostomy. Twenty- seven cases were cured by operation, 14 cases were improved and 4 cases died. Conclusion It is the key point to achieve successful operation that the corresponding operative modes for varied manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease should be adopted.

Local resection for early rectal tumours: comparative study of transanal endoscopic microsurgery versus conventional transanal excision / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To compare the application,safety and theraputic effect of local resection of early rectal tumours by transanal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) and the conventional transanal excision(TAE).Methods The data of seventy-six patients who were treated by conventional transanal excision from January 2003 to July 2006 and fifty-three patients who were treated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery from September 2006 to February 2010 in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were reviewed.Results Age,sex,tumour size,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay were similar in the two groups(P＞0.05).The median distance from the anal verge was significantly higher in the TEM group ( TEM/TAE =7.0/5.0 cm,P ＜ 0.01 ).The operation time was significantly longer in the TEM group (TEM/TAE =70.00/30.00 min,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no operation-related mortality in both groups (P ＞ 0.05 ).Two patients in the TEM group developed postoperative haemorrhage,and one patient developed pulmonary infection and retention of urine respectively.There were two secondary haemorrhage cases in the TAE group.On median follow-up of 30 months,there was 7.8％ recurrence rate in the TEM group,compared with 23.2％ the in TAE group.Conclusions Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a safe and effective mininally invasive surgical technique for the treatment of early rectal neoplasm.It has broader indication,and better theraputic effect than the conventional transanal excision.

Association between serotonin 4 gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid or not comorbid disruptive behavioral disorder / 北京大学学报(医学版)

T were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.Transmit/disequilibrium test and haplotype analysis were used to test the association of the three polymorphisms with ADHD comorbid or not comorbid DBD separately.Results:Haplotype T/G/T showed tendency of overtransmission(?2=3.470,P=0.062) to probands of ADHD with DBD, while haplotype C/G/T(?2=4.568,P=0.032) and C/G/C(?2=5.333,P=0.021) were undertransmitted to probands of ADHD without DBD,No biased transmissions of any allele were found in families with probands of ADHD with and without DBD.Conclusion:whether ADHD comorbid DBD or not comorbid DBD makes difference at the level of HTR4 gene polymrohisms.

Association of dopamine ?-hydroxylase polymorphism with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To study the association of dopamine ?-hydroxylase gene 5′ flanking region polymorphism -1021 C→T with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Han children. Methods: ADHD was diagnosed according to the DSM-Ⅳ criteria . DNA was extracted and PCR was performed to examine the DBH-1021C→T polymorphism. HHRR was used to test the association of dopamine ?-hydroxylase gene with different subtypes of ADHD. Results: HHRR results showed this polymorphism had a tendency to be associated with the inattention subtype (P=0.067) and the combined subtype (P=0.076). The T allele was the protective factor of the inattentive subtype (P= 0.07), and the risk factor of the combined subtype (P=0.08). After dividing the 292 nuclear families according to sex, DBH-1021C→T polymorphism was found to be associated with the combined subtype (P=0.04) with the T allele as the risk factor (P=0.02). There were no positive findings among the girl nuclear families of ADHD. Conclusion: DBH gene is related to ADHD combined subtype and inattention subtype. The genetic basis of ADHD combined subtype and is inattention is different, and is influenced by sex factor.

Association between serotonin 2C gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid or not comorbid with learning disorder / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between two HTR2C gene polymorphisms, that is C 759T and G 697C polymorphisms, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) comorbid or not comorbid learning disorder (LD). Methods: Blood samples were taken from 189 trios with probands of ADHD comrbid LD (ADHD+LD) and 299 trios with probands of ADHD not comorbid LD (ADHD-LD). DNA was extracted and PCR was performed to amplify the fragments containing both C 759T and G 697C polymorphisms. Aci Ⅰ was used to detect different alleles of the two polymorphisms. Allele based and haplotype based TDT analysis were used to test the association of the two polymorphisms of HTR2C gene and ADHD-LD and ADHD+LD. Results: 759C(? 2= 6.961 , P =0.008), 697G(? 2=8.346, P =0.004), as well as 759C/ 697G haplotype were over transmitted(? 2=9.000, P = 0.002 7), while haplotype 759T/ 697C was under transmitted(? 2= 7.784 , P =0.005 3) to probands with ADHD-LD. No biased transmission of any allele and haplotype were found in families with probands of ADHD+LD. Conclusion: ADHD-LD and ADHD+LD are different at the level of HTR2C gene polymrohisms of C 759T and G 697C. HTR2C is related to ADHD-LD, while not related to ADHD+LD.

Association between serotonin 1D gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid or not comorbid disruptive behavior disorder / 北京大学学报(医学版)

G. The current results indicate that ADHD with DBD has more heritable backgrounds when compared with ADHD without DBD.

Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment of colorectal malignant melanoma / 临床外科杂志

Objective To study the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of colorectal malignant melanoma.Methods Six cases of colorectal malignant melanoma diagnosed and treated in our department between 1981 and 1996 were reviewed and underwent follow-up.Results All cases had masses that could be found near dentate line in digital examination and were black or brown in color. All patients underwent operations ,operations abdomino-perineal resection for 2 cases, post pelvic excision for 2 cases, enlarged local resection for 1 case and laporotomy for 1 case.Either lymph node metastasis or liver metastasis were found prior to or during operation. All patients died within 5～23 months after being diagnosed, with average survival time of 14.7 months.Conclusions Colorectal malignant melanoma was rare and was highly of malignant with tendency of early metastasis and poor prognosis. Radical surgery combined with chemotherapy, immunotherapy and biotherapy may be effective.